Advances on the production of organic acids by yeast / 生物工程学报

Organic acids are organic compounds that can be synthesized using biological systems. They often contain one or more low molecular weight acidic groups, such as carboxyl group and sulphonic group. Organic acids are widely used in food, agriculture, medicine, bio-based materials industry and other fields. Yeast has unique advantages of biosafety, strong stress resistance, wide substrate spectrum, convenient genetic transformation, and mature large-scale culture technology. Therefore, it is appealing to produce organic acids by yeast. However, challenges such as low concentration, many by-products and low fermentation efficiency still exist. With the development of yeast metabolic engineering and synthetic biology technology, rapid progress has been made in this field recently. Here we summarize the progress of biosynthesis of 11 organic acids by yeast. These organic acids include bulk carboxylic acids and high-value organic acids that can be produced naturally or heterologously. Finally, future prospects in this field were proposed.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2252673 of INSR gene and polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective This study is designed to determine whether an association exists between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant rs2252673 of insulin receptor(INSR) gene and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Han Chinese in order to identify INSR as a genetic susceptibility factor for PCOS.Methods A total of 224 women with PCOS,192 controls and 672 participants consisting of 224 trios (mother,father and offspring with PCOS) were recruited from the Hospital for Reproductive Medicine Affiliated to Shandong University,from July 2007 to April 2013.Genomic DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer' s protocol.SNP rs2252673 of INSR gene was amplified by PCR and then sequenced on an automated sequencer.Moreover,clinical and metabolic features of the patients with PCOS were compared according to the genotypes.The subjects were divided into twot groups according to body mass index (BMI),and then the results were compared between two groups.And the transmitted disequilibrium test (TDT) was applied for data analysis.Results (1) There were three kinds of genotype of CC,CG and GG.Genotype frequencies of rs2252673 were 8.0％,38.8％,53.1％ and 14.6％,42.2％,43.2％ in the PCOS group and the control group,respectively.The allele frequencies of C and G were 27.5％,72.5％ and 35.7％,64.3％ in the PCOS group and the control group,respectively.There were statistical differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between two groups (all P＜0.05).(2)No significant differences were observed in the different genotype according to clinical and metabolic characteristics of women with PCOS (P＞0.05).But when merging the genotype CG and GG,carriers of the CG and GG genotypes in women with PCOS were slightly associated with total cholesterol (TC) levels (t=2.072,P=0.048) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (t=2.274,P=0.026).Although statistical significance was not achieved,there was an increased tendency in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels in CG and GG genotypes in PCOS cases.(3)Between the obesity and the non-obesity with PCOS,there was no statistical significance in the genotype and allele frequencies (x2=0.054,P=0.974; x2=0.022,P=0.883).(4)The results of families based analysis shown that genotype distribution of the SNP rs2252673 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).After the TDT,the G allele in SNP rs2252673 was over transmitted in families (transmitted∶ non-transmitted=120∶ 88; x2=4.923,P=0.027).There was a transmitted disequilibrium in rs2252673,which implies the association of INSR and PCOS were independent of population stratification.Conclusions There were a association between the SNP variant rs2252673 of INSR gene and the susceptibility to PCOS in Han Chinese women,which was independently of body mass index.The carrier of G allele frequency of rs2252673 may have higher risk of PCOS.

The influence of trimetazidine(TMZ) on the cardiac function and neurohormonal of heart failure model in rats / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) on the cardiac function and neurohormonal of heart failure model in rats.Methods Partially banding abdominal aortic artery to achieve congestive heart failure rats model.Interventricular septum thickness(IVST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and shortening fraction(FS) were measured by echocardiogram,Pathological changes of myocardial cells was observed,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)、C-type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRC),atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and angiotensinl (AT1) were measured by Real-Time PCR,superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by immunohistochemistry method.Results Trimetazidine treatment of the high-dose group and the model group compare IVST LVPWT,LVESD,LVEDD were (0.63 ± 0.05) mn,(0.73 ± 0.06) mm,(0.73 ±0.05)mm,(0.87 ±0.06)mm and (1.07 ±0.06)mm,(1.13 ±0.06) mm,(0.93 ±0.06)mm,(1.33 ±0.06) mm,was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),LVEF,FS increased to (27.75 ± 1.83) ％,(11.44 ± 0.76) ％ and (11.78 ±0.56)％,(4.27 ± 0.22)％ (P ＜ 0.01),Myocardial cell structure were remarkably improved.The expression of BNP,ANP,NPRC,ATI,β-MHC were remarkably decreased.The expression of SOD was elevated.Conclusion TMZ treatment group can improve the secretion of neurohormonal of heart failure model in rats,and also obviously improve the cardiac contractility.

Combined Use of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: A Meta-analysis / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.Methods By searching in the major databases of CNKI,ISI Web of Knowledge,VIP Information and Pubmed,we collected data of randomized controlled trials pertaining to combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.Results Twenty-five randomized controlled trials involving totally 3081 patients were collected according to the inclusion criteria,and meta-analysis of the data indicated that combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be of great value in the management of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases in comparison with exclusive use of Western medicine [combined odds ratio(OR)was 3.20 with 95% confidence interval(CI)(2.74,3.73),Z=14.85,P＜0.01].Conclusion The clinical evidence derived from the analysis suggests that the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases can be effective with good security.

Effects of quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin on adhesion, migration and invasion of HeLa cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To explore the effects of quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin on adhesion, migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Methods Adhesion, migration and invasion of HeLa cells treated with quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin were measured by adhesion assay, wound healing assay, and transwell chamber method respectively. Results The results showed that quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin could inhibit adhesion, migration and invasion of HeLa cells. The adhesive ratio, migration rate and the invasiveness were negatively proportional to concentration of quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin. With increasing concentration of quercetin from 20 to 80 μmol/L, the adhesive ratio decreased from ( 82. 2±1. 5 ) % to ( 48. 4±1. 1 ) % ; the migration rote decreased from (7.26±0. 20) μm/h to (3.78±0. 64) μm/h; the invasiveness decreased from ( 124. 3± 1. 5) piece to (90. 7±2. 1 ) piece(P <0. 05). In quercetin and quereetin in combination with 10 μmol/L cisplatin treatment group, with quercetin concentration increasing from 20 to 80 μmol/L, the adhesive ratio decreased from (42. 6±1. 2) % to ( 27. 5±1. 7 ) %, the migration rate decreased from ( 2. 20±0. 33) μm/h to (0.72±0. 19) μm/h and the invasiveness decreased from (78.7±2.5) piece to (44.0±4.0) piece (P < 0. 05 ). Compared with the quercetin groups, querectin in combination with cisplatin groups had significantly higher inhibitory effects ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Quercetin and quercetin in combination with cisplatin can inhibit adhesion and migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Quercetin can enhance the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on HeLa cell adhesion, migration and invasion.